After years of impasse, the European Commission unveiled its plans for overhauling the EU’s migration and asylum system on September 23rd. Brought forward by a week, the timing seems an attempt to pacify the outrage over the devastating fire at … Providing funding schemes to create jobs in migrants’ countries of origin is different to co-operating with failed states like Libya, which detains migrants in horrible conditions. Insights from Serbia - a buffer zone for the EU’s illegal pushback policy? But they over-rely on the goodwill of both international partners and EU member-states. European leaders have also cut the EU’s budget for external action from the Commission’s original proposals for the period 2021-27, giving themselves fewer resources to work with. @EUCouncil must achieve a true balance of solidarity and responsibility. In September, the European Commission unveiled the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, a series of long-awaited measures to reform the EU migration regime. The new migration pact proposes a ‘permanent solidarity mechanism’ tailored to two different scenarios: normal and crisis times. However, the close cooperation with FRONTEX remains a cause for concern. On 23 September, the European Commission tabled the “New Pact on Migration and Asylum”. One of the EU’s biggest problems at the peak of the 2015-16 migration crisis was that frontline countries could not deal with the overwhelming number of asylum seekers arriving at their borders. It will have to be approved by the European Parliament and Council of the European Union. Copyright is held by the Centre for European Reform. The EU Migration Policy: More Solidarity Is Needed! The New Pact on Migration and Asylum, yet another obstacle for Senegalese? For Brussels, this plan is about a long term solution, so when the next wave hits, Europe is prepared. Even the EU’s comparatively reliable migration partners, like Turkey or Morocco, are becoming more assertive and less willing to help. PDF here The new European Pact on Migration and Asylum, published on 23 September 2020, begins with the recognition that “migration has been a constant feature of human history” and that “with a well-managed system, migration can contribute to growth, innovation and social dynamism”. Commission Recommendation on legal pathways to protection in the EU: promoting resettlement, humanitarian admission and other complementary pathways 23 September 2020 English (251.6 KB - PDF) The Commission’s new migration pact is a well-considered plan that may manage to gather something of a consensus. The new Pact on Migration and Asylum will face many challenges. The EU's New Migration Pact is a Step in the Right Direction. While the EU tried to reform its internal solidarity system it set up arrangements with Turkey, Libya and other countries of origin and transit that reduced flows. How coronavirus has worsened the plight of refugees in Tunisia, Migrants and Refugees in a Time of Pandemic: Access to Healthcare Services in Turkey, "Get Lost! The Commission’s proposal is broad and leaves room for negotiation. The EU’s Dublin Regulation mostly requires the country that asylum seekers enter first to examine applications. Yet, what are the key challenges facing migrants and refugees in Turkey, particularly challenges in accessing healthcare services during the pandemic? As to the Commission’s plans to increase opportunities for legal migration to Europe, there is resistance from many member-states. The EU should revisit a 2018 proposal which also established a three-tier-system, but proposed mandatory quotas as a last resort and did not talk about return sponsorship, instead requiring EU countries to chip in with either money or resources like police officers or border guards. The EU has revealed its long-awaited pact on migration and asylum. Second, to effectively alleviate the pressure on over-burdened countries, return sponsorships need to work well and comply with human rights standards. In the months … It is, however, possible to argue that asylum seekers, migrants and refugees scattered across the globe are among the most vulnerable groups to the outbreak. The Pact is an opportunity to improve asylum systems in Europe, to greatly expand safe and legal channels, and to mobilise EU support for inclusion. The EU has long sought to step up cooperation with non-EU states on migration issues, including action against migrant smuggling. An interview with MEP and migration policy spokesperson of the Greens/EFA group at the European Parliament, Erik Marquardt, on the future of European asylum and migration. Von der Leyen’s pact is just the beginning of a long process. In Tunisia, the EU Migration Pact is received with diplomatic silence from politicians, apathy from the Tunisian authorities and powerless indignation from the civil society. In this policy paper “A Local Turn for European Refugee Politics” the Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung puts forward proposals for a more active role of the municipalities in refugee and asylum policy. Yet, as the Juncker Commission learned, there is simply no chance of forcing mandatory relocation on sceptical member-states. Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic have already announced their opposition to the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. With a package that ranges from an attempt to solve disputes over refugee quotas to improving legal pathways to Europe, the Commission wants to end years of migration policy mishaps. Deciphering the European Union’s New Pact on Migration and Asylum. As long as there is no real burden-sharing, member-states on the EU’s border will be incentivised to either let migrants go north or seal borders, keeping those migrants that make it through in very poor conditions. A number of operational initiatives have been ongoing for some time, as set out in this document (pages 10 and 11, pdf).. The European Commission has today outlined a new pact on migration and asylum. https://www.saveurope.eu. It will be difficult for the EU to persuade migrants’ countries of origin to increase co-operation on returns, as it can be unpopular for the EU’s partners and undermine governments’ domestic legitimacy. Return is arguably the most difficult part of any migration policy. Will the "New Pact" become the coherent strategy on migration the EU needs? Ηe was with his father and other asylum seekers onboard a dinghy that was shipwrecked. EU's new Migration Pact draws mixed reactions from MEPs and NGOs. Third, return sponsorships are the flip side of quotas – frontline and destination member-states will only agree to the idea of return sponsorship if all EU countries accept that they may eventually have to take asylum seekers in. Many member-states are also unlikely to agree to visa liberalisation with third countries, not least because overstaying visas is a common way for migrants to enter the EU. You may not copy, reproduce, republish or circulate in any way the content from this publication except for your own personal and non-commercial use.Any other use requires the prior written permission of the Centre for European Reform. The political incentive for migration-sceptic governments will be to put money and effort into returns. An analysis from a legal perspective. The European Commission’s newly released Pact on Migration and Asylum aims to address the imbalances in member states’ burdens related to migrant arrivals and streamline the asylum process. In contrast to many declarations that Italy should not be left to face the challenges of mass boat arrivals from North Africa alone, the New Pact's proposals if anything renew the obsolete “Dublin system”. Civil liberties committee members questioned how the new Asylum and Migration Pact proposed by the European Commission would function during a debate on 24 September. The EU may have broken a deadlock, but it has agreed a pact on migration that cedes too much ground to nationalist sentiment. It is unclear how member-states with little experience of returns, minimal diplomatic presence in countries of origin and transit, and a mixed record of respecting the rule of law can make that happen. The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) is an intergovernmentally negotiated agreement, prepared under the auspices of the United Nations, that describes itself as covering "all dimensions of international migration in a holistic and comprehensive manner".. The new solidarity mechanism recognises that mandatory quotas are, and will remain, a tough political sell. The ID Party cares greatly about protecting the privacy of the Users of the website https://saveurope.eu and its member portal. The Commission wants to increase co-operation by placing migration management at the heart of the EU’s relations with its partners, particularly in Africa. Co-operating on returns can be very unpopular for the EU’s partners, as it can undermine governments’ domestic legitimacy. The EU’s partners fear being stuck with large numbers of foreign nationals that transited through their territory. This sobering pact only confirms once again for many Tunisians that the EU migration policy is a one-way affair. The plan also covers search and rescue missions at sea, where member-states will have to commit to take in a share of those disembarked or offer help in-kind. In April, the European Court of Justice ruled that Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic had breached EU law by refusing to accept asylum seekers from Greece and Italy. Martin Banks is a senior reporter at the Parliament Magazine. Responding to the European Commission’s newly unveiled migration pact, Amnesty International’s EU Advocacy Director, Eve Geddie, said: “Pitched as a fresh start, this pact is, in reality, designed to heighten walls and strengthen fences. www.boell.de The tragic loss of a child’s life hardly made an impression on the international media or public discourse in Greece. If the EU’s internal solidarity mechanisms remain in deadlock, the Union will have to continue to rely only on co-operation with third countries. The study analysis to which extend third countries can be considered "safe" and NGO rescue vessels can be obliged to disembark rescued migrants and refugees in places which are unsafe. It has already taken steps to make visa policy conditional on co-operation on returns, and wants to make use of leverage from “all relevant EU policies and tools” that are of interest to partners, like development aid and trade. Publications, research projects, news & events. Repeated attempts to fix the system over the past five years have failed because they mainly relied on EU countries being forced to take asylum seekers from the overwhelmed member-states. Making migration deals with countries of origin and transit will be tricky. info@boell.de. To be realistic, any reform should include a menu of options allowing EU countries to save face. Unless conditions in poor countries improve drastically, their citizens will continue to seek a better future elsewhere, even under the pretext of requiring international protection. The Commission said 2.4 million migrates received residence permits in the EU last year, compared to 140,000 irregular arrivals. As a result, arrivals are now at their lowest in six years. In a crisis situation like that of 2015, governments will have to choose between accepting asylum seekers from overwhelmed member-states, or helping them with returns through the so-called return sponsorship. Ursula von der Leyen made the migration and asylum issue a cornerstone of her mandate. September 29, 2020. Ursula von der Leyen is not about to make the same mistake. However, migration to Europe won’t stop and the member states, sooner or later, will have to agree on the direction of migration policy. Return rates are very low (in 2019, only 29 per cent of those ordered to leave the EU did so) and differ widely from country to country. Migration was one of the most toxic dossiers under Juncker’s mandate. In normal times, national governments would be able to offer as much help to other governments as they wish. Is Serbia a transit country or slowly becoming a buffer zone for the EU’s illegal pushback policy and overall goal to reduce migration to its territory? National governments and the European Parliament need to work out which of the plan’s elements they agree with, and, most importantly, which ones they will be able to sell to voters. That process will be surely contentious. In developing the broader overhaul of asylum policy, the so-called Migration Pact, the Commission has similarly stressed a voluntary approach to solidarity, and the German presidency of the Council of the EU has been hoping to finally reach a unanimous political deal on at least some parts of the proposal, as an agreement has eluded the bloc since the 2015 migration … In forthcoming negotiations, the European Parliament and some member-states are likely to insist on scrapping the mechanism altogether, in favour of a relocation mechanism; others may want to stick to returns. Closed Ports, Dubious Partners: The EU’s Policy of Outsourcing Responsibility in the Mediterranean, 2 June 2020, "Get Lost!" Since 2015, the EU and its Member States have been moving away from an externalisation of migration control to an externalisation of their obligations to afford protection. The risk with broad church plans, of course, is that they may end up pleasing no one. Despite its tough public rhetoric, the Polish government might turn out to be more flexible behind closed doors regarding the New Pact, to prevent embarrassing defeats on issues that are far more important from a domestic policy point of view, such as the rule of law. The plan for managing arrivals at the border is two-pronged: there will be separate asylum procedures, one for those with low chances of being accepted or who may be a security risk; and another one for vulnerable claimants (like children) or asylum seekers likely to be granted refugee status (because they come from a war-torn country, for example). This will make the system biased towards returns and against real burden-sharing, rewarding those with the most extreme views. But it relies on too many weak links. And the Austrian government has repeatedly opposed mandatory quotas, as it argues that they encourage more people to enter the EU. Is Czechia finally ready to show some solidarity? These include suggestions for dealing with asylum seekers once they arrive at the EU’s borders; plans to work with countries of origin and transit to stop people from coming in the first place; and arrangements for returning those who fail to obtain asylum. the New EU Pact on Migration and Asylum Sergio Carrera Abstract This Policy Insight examines the new Pact on Migration and Asylum in light of the principles and commitments enshrined in the United Nations Global Compact on Refugees (UN GCR) and the EU Treaties. But to be effective, it should also make clear that full burden-sharing on asylum and migration is an obligation attached to Schengen membership. Current EU migration policies' increased focus on returns raises concerns on the adequacy of such measures with EU standards and fundamental rights. A 6-year-old boy from Afghanistan drowned in November 2020 off the coast of Samos. Greece, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Malta’s failure to process asylum seekers as they arrived was the result of both a dysfunctional European system and their own deficiencies. The situation at the EU’s borders will not improve unless the member-states act. After years of erratic and uncoordinated actions, the European Commission has revealed the long-awaited New Pact on Migration and Asylum to “propose a fresh start” on this highly politicised policy priority. The overbearing focus is on preventing access to EU territory as if the success of the EU’s asylum and migration system was measured by its efficacy in “keeping numbers down”. The European Commission's new migration plans are more likely to succeed than previous attempts at reforming the system. The three pillars of the EU Migration Pact are to: INTRODUCTION. 24 Sep 2020. But it could take a long time before all member states agree. Border processing centres for asylum seekers, more cooperation with third countries, an increased focus on repatriation, mandatory responsibility-sharing between EU member states, and an end to the Dublin regulation: the European Commission, the EU’s executive body, today released its long awaited New Pact on Migration and Asylum.. It revealed a European Union that is jammed by Member States’ disagreements and incapacity to be united. Should the Pact be adopted, it will be the end of Europe. The Commission promised that the New Pact would be a ‘fresh start’ to asylum and migration. By Martin Banks . Winner of the Prospect 2015 Think Tank of the Year Award - UK International Affairs. Reacting to the news, Marissa Ryan, Head of Oxfam’s EU office, said: “For many years, Europe has needed to reform its asylum system so that it protects people fleeing persecution and conflict in line with international law. A new migration pact, presented by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen on September 23, is meant to reform Europe’s overburdened and fragmented asylum system.The goal is to build a system of "fair sharing of responsibility and solidarity" among EU countries, the European Commission (EC) says, and, by applying clear rules, to provide "certainty and … This sobering pact only confirms once again for many Tunisians that the EU migration policy is a one-way affair. Failed asylum seekers will be quickly returned if unsuccessful – and returns are the most important element of the Commission’s proposal to break the standoff. New Pact on Migration and Asylum Migration is a complex issue, with many facets that need to be weighed together. Migration and asylum policy à la carte: a free hand for the obstructionists, Erik Marquardt MEP: “Migration management has become a euphemism for repelling refugees”, Paper doesn’t blush: The Commission presents a plan that does nothing to address the realities at the EU borders, You can’t build on that: Externalisation as the cornerstone of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum. In the shadows of the Covid-19-crisis, refugees and irregular migrants in Europe’s neighbouring countries are afraid for their very existence and terrified of long-term detention in reception camps. In order to draw more attention to this issue, he has co-created the Leave no One Behind campaign. But the idea could backfire. Choosing Merkel's successor: None of the above? Return is arguably the most difficult part of any migration policy, as it largely depends on collaboration with countries of origin and transit. Moreover, it often means losing out on remittances from citizens in the EU, which are usually much greater in magnitude than the funding provided by the EU. Some officials also suggest that the present arrangement allows Italy to turn a blind eye to people moving northwards when the figures become too high). It turns out to replicate or exacerbate past failures in new packaging. His Commission tried, and failed, to get member-states behind a much needed reform of the Union’s migration policy. The latter will follow the EU’s usual asylum procedures, whereas the former will have their claims assessed at the border by national and EU border authorities. One faux pas and the whole system may collapse like a house of cards. President Ursula von der Leyen is determined not to make the same mistake. Read more: Opinion: EU migration pact is victory for the nationalists. Europe needs a strong Africa, but will it work to achieve one? The new Pact on Migration and Asylum calls for more such activities as part of "mutually beneficial partnerships with key third … First, those governments the EU wishes to expose may realise that specialising in returns every time there is a crisis serves their anti-migrant, illiberal narrative all too well. ": European Return Policies in Practice, Current EU migration policies' increased focus on, raises concerns on the adequacy of such measures with, A Local Turn for European Refugee Politics, Places of Safety in the Mediterranean: The EU’s Policy of Outsourcing Responsibility, International Climate, Energy & Agriculture Policy, Nairobi Office - Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia/Somaliland, Cape Town Office - South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Sarajevo Office - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, North Macedonia, Prague Office - Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Belgrade Office - Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Washington, DC Office - USA, Canada, Global Dialogue, Santiago de Chile Office - Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, San Salvador Office - El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico City Office - Mexico and the Caribbean, Energytransition - The Global Energiewende (EN). Many of them moved on without filing an asylum claim, hoping to reach their final destinations in northern European countries like Germany and Sweden. The commission announced the creation of a task force in order to improve the situation of refugees and migrants on the island of Lesvos. In the case of Greece, the situation is made worse by the lack of co-operation with Turkey since earlier this year. The Commission’s new migration pact is a well-considered plan that may manage to gather something of a consensus. Its success largely depends on collaboration with countries of origin and transit. But if the EU wants to secure greater co-operation, it should make its partners a more generous political and economic offer. The EU’s offers of visa liberalisation are conditional on agreeing to the readmission of third country nationals as well as a country’s own citizens. With the New Pact on Migration and Asylum the European Commission intends to square the circle – but does not succeed. Camino Mortera-Martinez is a senior research fellow and Luigi Scazzieri is a research fellow at the Centre for European Reform. Other EU countries are less loud but equally reluctant to revamp the system: successive Italian and Spanish governments have opposed reforms, as they benefit from current shortcomings (both countries have been relatively successful in curbing migration through bilateral deals with third countries, and prefer the status quo to more EU intervention. How should policymakers respond to the reality and future prospect of vast populations being displaced and relocated in an era of global heating? And national authorities, particularly in Greece, were ill-equipped to handle massive flows of people. This is because, in the case of large scale arrivals from a war-torn country, most people would qualify for asylum as opposed to return; but also because accepting that some countries would only return failed asylum seekers would be a tough political sell for countries like Germany, which has insisted on the need for a European solidarity system that emphasises integration. "Yes, in fact we decided to forward the new migration pact to next week, the 23th of September," she said at a joint press conference with Germany's chancellor Angela Merkel. There are more challenges for the EU just around the corner: Europe’s neighbourhood faces destabilisation as a result of the economic hit from the COVID-19 pandemic, which will probably lead to an increase in migration flows to the EU. It is a chance for the EU to realise its commitment to the Global Compact on Refugees and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration by implementing them in Europe. But past experience suggests this might not be very effective. The ID Party takes all reasonable precautions that are necessary to ensure the security of the personal data provided to it by members. In Tunisia, the EU Migration Pact is received with diplomatic silence from politicians, apathy from the Tunisian authorities and powerless indignation from the civil society. The EU’s New Pact on Migration and Asylum intends to sustain EU-Turkey partnership with same old political incentives rather than new responsibility-sharing mechanisms. This suggests that the EU is unlikely to secure much co-operation from its partners unless it gives them more tangible benefits. The Moroccan government can live happily with the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Ongoing Political Incentives but no Responsibility-Sharing for Turkey in the EU’s New Pact. Task Force for Lesvos. His Commission tried, and failed, to get member-states behind a much needed reform of the Union’s migration policy, after over a million people came irregularly to the EU in 2015. Ten reflections on a sovereignty-first Brexit. 1 The European Commission’s goal is to forge a new consensus after conflicting positions between member states and among EU institutions blocked the reform of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) for the past four years. The EU-UK trade and co-operation agreement: A platform on which to build? European Return Policies in Practice, 1 October 2020, © Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V. The Migration Pact will change forever both the direction of Europe and the lives of all citizens of the European nations. In 2006 alone, more than 32,000 migrants set off on the perilous journey from the coast of West Africa hoping to reach the Canary Islands across the sea. 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